![]() Personality traits or certain personality disorders like borderline and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are more frequently associated with depression. Stressful life changes (death of significant other, parents, siblings, etc.) traumatic events and childhood abuse have been found to be major risk factors for the development of mood disorder later on in life, especially depressive disorder. Increased TSH has been shown to be associated with depression. Increased HPA activity is associated with stress and depression. The parental mood disorder is a vital and constant risk factor for developing mood disorders in their children. People who have a strong positive family history of a mood disorder are more likely to develop mood disorders themselves. Family and adoption studies have also indicated the heritability of mood disorders. Īccording to research based on twin studies, there are certain genes causing mood disorder. These are amphetamines, cocaine, procarbazine, and steroids. There are certain drugs and medications, consumption of which lead to symptoms simulating a mood disorder. Three new depressive disorders have been incorporated under mood disorders in DSM-5: Major depressive disorder is diagnosed by the presence of 5 out of the 9 symptoms of sad mood, insomnia, feelings of guilt, decreased energy levels, decreased concentration, decreased appetite, decrease in pleasurable activities (anhedonia), increased or decreased psychomotor activity, and recurrent suicidal ideation/acts of self-harm/suicide attempt existing over a period of 2 weeks. According to the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), cyclothymia and hypomania are considered as a prodrome of bipolar disorders, and per DSM 5, hypomania is a component of bipolar II disorder. It requires elevated mood with (three or more symptoms) or irritable mood (with four or more of the following symptoms) - increased goal-directed activity, grandiosity, a diminished need for sleep, distractibility, racing thoughts, increased/pressured speech, and reckless behaviors. Hypomania is defined as a non-psychotic, milder, or subthreshold manic state of short duration lasting for at least four consecutive days and without marked social and occupational impairment. ![]()
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